{"id":4624,"date":"2024-01-08T14:33:12","date_gmt":"2024-01-08T14:33:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ru.ezgulikuz.org\/index.php\/3-dars-janubiy-afrikadagi-aparteid\/"},"modified":"2024-01-08T14:49:26","modified_gmt":"2024-01-08T14:49:26","slug":"3-dars-janubiy-afrikadagi-aparteid","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/ru.ezgulikuz.org\/index.php\/menu\/darslar\/kurs-1-isroilning-falastinliklarga-nisbatan-adolatsiz-munosabatda-bolishi-tahlillari\/3-dars-janubiy-afrikadagi-aparteid\/","title":{"rendered":"3-dars: Janubiy Afrikadagi aparteid"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3-dars: Janubiy Afrikadagi aparteid<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-layout-4 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\"><div class=\"wrapper\">\r\n\t<h5>Darslarni o\u2019zlashtirish jarayoni<\/h5>\r\n  <div class=\"progress-bar\">\r\n    <div class=\"bar\" data-size=\"24\">\r\n      <span class=\"perc\"><\/span>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\n\n\n                <div class=\"sidebar\">\r\n\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"area\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><b>Modul 1<\/b><\/ul>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"sidebar-list\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li><a href=\"#\">1-dars: Aparteid nima?<\/a><\/li>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li><a href=\"#\">2-dars: Aparteid jinoyatini aniqlash (1-qism)<\/a><\/li>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t  <a href=\"#\" class=\"active\">3-dars:\u00a0Janubiy Afrikadagi aparteid <\/a>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li><a href=\"#\"  title=\"Faqat keyingi darsga o'tish mumkun\">4-dars: Aparteid jinoyatini aniqlash (2-qism)<\/a><\/li>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t       <div class=\"area\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t <hr>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><b>Modul 2<\/b><\/ul>\r\n                        \r\n                            <ul class=\"sidebar-list\">\r\n                                <li><a href=\"#\"  title=\"Faqat keyingi darsga o'tish mumkun\">5-dars: Isroil, aparteid tizimi<\/a><\/li>\r\n                                <li><a href=\"#\"  title=\"Faqat keyingi darsga o'tish mumkun\">6-dars: Hukmronlik va nazorat zonalari<\/a><\/li>\r\n                                <li><a href=\"#\"  title=\"Faqat keyingi darsga o'tish mumkun\">7-dars: Zulm tizimi, Isroilning Falastinliklar ustidan hukmronligi<\/a><\/li>\r\n                                <li><a href=\"#\"  title=\"Faqat keyingi darsga o'tish mumkun\">8-dars: Tizimli zulm ostidagi hayot<\/a><\/li>\r\n                                <li><a href=\"#\" title=\"Faqat keyingi darsga o'tish mumkun\">9-dars: Aparteidning negizida kamsitish<\/a><\/li>\r\n                            <\/ul>\r\n                        <\/div>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<hr>\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t                    <div class=\"area\">\r\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul><b>Modul 3<\/b><\/ul>\r\n                        \r\n                            <ul class=\"sidebar-list\">\r\n                                <li><a href=\"#\"  title=\"Faqat keyingi darsga o'tish mumkun\">10-dars: Aparteid, harakatdagi g\u2019ayriinsoniylik<\/a><\/li>\r\n                                <li><a href=\"#\" title=\"Faqat keyingi darsga o'tish mumkun\">11-dars: Qonunda va amaliyotda shafqatsizlik<\/a><\/li>\r\n                                <li><a href=\"#\" title=\"Faqat keyingi darsga o'tish mumkun\">12-dars: Aparteidga qarshi turish<\/a><\/li>\r\n                                <li><a href=\"#\" title=\"Hamma darslar o'zlashtirilgandan so'ng bu sahifaga o'tish mumkun\">Yakuniy test<\/a><\/li>\r\n\r\n                            <\/ul>\r\n                        <\/div>\r\n                   <\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-cover has-white-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-4cd29cbf62c0d581a1013df5aaa08e33\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-cover__background has-background-dim\"><\/span><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"599\" height=\"399\" class=\"wp-block-cover__image-background wp-image-4435\" alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/ru.ezgulikuz.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/E2sqO7Iw6iUC1kV3_NXIcE8aBad2m1Ghp.jpg\" style=\"object-position:53% 41%\" data-object-fit=\"cover\" data-object-position=\"53% 41%\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ru.ezgulikuz.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/E2sqO7Iw6iUC1kV3_NXIcE8aBad2m1Ghp.jpg 599w, https:\/\/ru.ezgulikuz.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/E2sqO7Iw6iUC1kV3_NXIcE8aBad2m1Ghp-300x200.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 599px) 100vw, 599px\" \/><div class=\"wp-block-cover__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-cover-is-layout-constrained\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-black-background-color has-background has-large-font-size\"><strong>Aparteid birinchi marta 1948 yilda Janubiy Afrikada Milliy partiya tomonidan qonunchilik tizimi sifatida rasman kiritilgan.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Etnik millatchilik partiyasi afrikaanslar (evropalik xalqlar) va oq tanlilar tomonidan boshqa irqiy guruhlar, xususan qora tanlilar ustidan irqiy hukmronlik va zulmni ta&#8217;minlovchi qonunlar va siyosatlarni ishlab chiqdi. Biroq, irqiy kamsitish Janubiy Afrikada aparteid rasman kuchga kirishidan ancha oldin mavjud bo&#8217;lgan va qonunchilik va jamiyatda yaqqol namoyon bo&#8217;lgan, masalan, qora tanli janubiy afrikaliklarga er sotib olish huquqini rad etgan 1913 yildagi &#8220;Tug&#8217;ilish to&#8217;g&#8217;risida&#8221;gi qonun.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-layout-1 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column has-palette-color-8-color has-palette-color-2-background-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color wp-elements-ce998877df2be52167a07b2f54b49a66 is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-align-center has-palette-color-8-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-a288ee6d88c65cf7e38b72ea26249abf\" style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:700\">Zulmning yuzlari<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"599\" height=\"336\" src=\"https:\/\/ru.ezgulikuz.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/fl3CWTgli8MmcsLl_vB05pn67mvzFRBQk.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-4436\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ru.ezgulikuz.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/fl3CWTgli8MmcsLl_vB05pn67mvzFRBQk.jpg 599w, https:\/\/ru.ezgulikuz.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/fl3CWTgli8MmcsLl_vB05pn67mvzFRBQk-300x168.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 599px) 100vw, 599px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-layout-2 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>Aparteid hukumati hokimiyatga kelganida, u ko&#8217;pchilik oq tanli bo&#8217;lmagan odamlarga qaratilgan, ularning harakatlanish, so&#8217;z erkinligi, uyushmalar, shuningdek, resurslar va boylikdan foydalanish huquqini cheklaydigan bir qator qonunlarni qabul qildi. Aparteid, shuningdek, sudsiz hibsga olish, siyosiy sudlar va qatllar, yig&#8217;ilishlar, siyosiy harakatlar va nashrlarni repressiya qilish, shuningdek, dissidentlarni muntazam ravishda o&#8217;ldirishni o&#8217;z ichiga oladi.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-layout-3 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Fuqarolik va siyosiy huquqlarning buzilishi<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Qora tanlilarni saylov huquqidan va siyosiy institutlarda teng ishtirok etishdan mahrum qilish orqali siyosiy huquqlar buzilgan. Aparteid hukumati tomonidan &#8220;mustaqil&#8221; vatanlar yaratish yo&#8217;li bilan olib borilgan alohida rivojlanish siyosati ko&#8217;plab afrikaliklarni fuqarolik huquqidan mahrum qildi. Aparteid siyosatiga qarshilikni nazorat qilish va bostirish jarayonida fuqarolarning yashash huquqi, qiynoqlarga qarshi huquq va qadr-qimmatni kamsituvchi muomala yoki jazoning boshqa shakllari, adolatli sudlov hukmi, so&#8217;z va yig&#8217;ilishlar erkinligi kabi barcha fuqarolik huquq va erkinliklari keng miqyosda buzilgan. <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Bu Robert Sobukvening hikoyasi<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Sobukve taniqli siyosiy dissident bo&#8217;lib, Pan Afrika Kongressini (PAC) boshqargan. 1960 yilda Sobukve Pass qonuniga norozilik bildirgani uchun hibsga olindi va hukm qilindi. U Adliya vaziriga siyosiy mahbuslarni hibsda saqlash muddatini cheksiz muddatga uzaytirish imkonini beruvchi parlament tomonidan qabul qilingan qonunga binoan, jazo muddati tugaganidan olti yil o&#8217;tgach, 1969 yilgacha bir kishilik kamerada turdi. Qonun faqat Sobukve ishida ishlatilgan.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-content-justification-center is-layout-flex wp-container-core-buttons-layout-1 wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/ru.ezgulikuz.org\/index.php\/darslar\/kurs-1-isroilning-falastinliklarga-nisbatan-adolatsiz-munosabatda-bolishi-tahlillari\/4-dars-aparteid-jinoyatini-aniqlash-2-qism\/\">Darsni O&#8217;zlashtirdim<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>3-dars: Janubiy Afrikadagi aparteid Etnik millatchilik partiyasi afrikaanslar (evropalik xalqlar) va oq tanlilar tomonidan boshqa irqiy guruhlar, xususan qora tanlilar ustidan irqiy hukmronlik va zulmni ta&#8217;minlovchi qonunlar va siyosatlarni ishlab chiqdi. Biroq, irqiy kamsitish Janubiy Afrikada aparteid rasman kuchga kirishidan ancha oldin mavjud bo&#8217;lgan va qonunchilik va jamiyatda yaqqol namoyon bo&#8217;lgan, masalan, qora tanli janubiy [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":4565,"menu_order":2,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"blocksy_meta":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ru.ezgulikuz.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4624"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ru.ezgulikuz.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ru.ezgulikuz.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ru.ezgulikuz.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ru.ezgulikuz.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4624"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/ru.ezgulikuz.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4624\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4632,"href":"https:\/\/ru.ezgulikuz.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4624\/revisions\/4632"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ru.ezgulikuz.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4565"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ru.ezgulikuz.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4624"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}